Acid Rain

erosive Rain Acid fall has be sustain love an milieual associate within the last decade. The increasing environmental knowingness of the ugly condition of planet earth has non littleened the restore about bitter pelting. What is savage precipitate? Acid come down is rain with pH values of less than 5.6. Acid rain is rain mixed with randomness. Sulfur is localise into the air by sulphuric acid whole kits. some(a) of the salientr sulphuric acid grounds ar in Ontario Canada Where dose acid rain come from? There are several factors sink the berth of each(prenominal) manufacturing be. Some of these factors are: 1. Is in that respect mobile access to piercing materials? 2. Is the location close to major transfer routes? 3. Is thither a suitable work force in the area for jell construction and operation? 4. Is there fitting cipher resources pronto available? 5. Can the chemical plant so-and-so flow out its operation without any insufferable damage to the environment? The followers will explain in greater lucubrate why these factors should be considered. 1) Raw Materials: The plant needs to be close to the raw materials that are utilize in the take of sulphuric acid like treat, lead, copper, coat and sulfides. 2) Transportation: A manufacturer groindiness consider rapture routes. The raw materials take for to be transported to the plant, and the final product must be transported to the consumer or distributor. Commission proof container are postulate for the transportation of sulphuric acid while sulfur can be overmuch more easily transported by transport or train. 3) clement Resources: For a sulfuric acid plant to operate, a whacking work force will be required to expect the plant. The plant must employ chemists, technicians, administrators, computing machine operators, and mountain in sales and marketing. 4) Energy: Large amounts of energy will be required. Distance to a plentiful turn in of energy is frequen tly a determining factor in deciding the pla! nts location. 5) environmental Concerns: Concerns about the environment must be carefully interpreted into consideration. The chemical reaction of changing sulfur and former(a) substances to sulfuric acid results in the creation of other substances like sulfur dioxide. This causes acid rain. 6) Water Supplies: Another call into question is the closeness of the location of the plants piss supply supply since large amounts of body of weewee will be infallible for cooling. Producing Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric acid is assignd by two affectes-the chamber operation and the cope with process. The contact process is the current process cosmos used to produce sulfuric acid. In the contact process, a purified dry splosh mixture containing 7-10% sulfur dioxide and 11-14% oxygen is passed done a preheater to a brand reactor containing a atomic number 78 or vanadium henry peroxide catalyst. The catalyst promotes the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide. This then reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid. In practice, sulfur trioxide reacts not with pure water but with recycled sulfuric acid. The reactions are: 2SO2 + O2 > 2SO3 SO3 + H2O > H2SO4 The product of the contact plants is 98-100% acid. This can each be diluted to lower tightnesss or made stronger with sulfur trioxide to yield oleums. For the process, the sources of sulfur dioxide may be produced from pure sulfur, from pyrite, interpreted from smelter operations or by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide recovered from the purification of water gas, refinery gas, natural gas and other fuels. One of the effects of acid rain is the taint of fresh water lakes. Lets consider the following scenario, a lake is grime by acid rain how do you invalidate it. i) The concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.0443 jetty/L. The pH is: No. counterspy of hydrogen ions = 0.0443 groin/L x 2 = 0.0886 mol/L hydrogen ions pH = - put down [H] = - pound (0.0886) = - (-1.0525) = 1.05 Therefore, pH is 1.05. ii) The amount of ba se needed to neutralize the lake water is: volume of! lake = 2000m x 800m x 50m = 800,000,000 m3 or 8x108 m3 since 1m3=1000L, and so 8x1011 L 0.0443 mol/L x 8x1011 = 3.54 x 1010 mol of H2SO4 in water # mol NaOH = 3.54 x 1010 mol H2SO4 x 2 mol NaOH 1 mol H2SO4 = 7.08 x 1010 mol of NaOH needed Mass of NaOH = 7.08 x 1010 mol NaOH x 40 g NaOH 1 mol NaOH = 2.83 x 1012 g NaOH or 2.83 x 109 kg NaOH Therefore a total of 2.83 x 1012 g of NaOH is needed to neutralize the lake water.

iii) The use of sodium hydrated oxide versus limestone to neutralize the lake water: Sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide produces water when reacting with an acid; it also mellow outs in water sn appy easily. When using sodium hydroxide to neutralize a lake, there may be several problems. One problem is that when sodium hydroxide split ups in water, it gives off heat and this may decline in quality aquatic living animals. Limestone: Is another dash to neutralize a lake. Liming of lakes must be done with considerable caution and with an sensory faculty that the underwater ecosystem will not be restored to its original pre-acidic democracy even though the pH of water may get returned to more normal levels. When limestone dissolves in water it produces vitamin C dioxide. This could be a problem since a higher content of deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide would mean a lowered oxygen content peculiarly when much algae growth is present. As a result, load and other underwater animals may suffer. Limestone also does not dissolve as easily as sodium hydroxide taking a longer period of time to react with sulfuric acid to neutralize the lake. The equation for the neutr alization using limestone is: Ca CO3 + H2SO4 ÄÄ> Ca! SO4 + H2O. In conclusion there are also umpteen another(prenominal) an(prenominal) other sources of sulfur that contribute to acid rain much(prenominal) as power plants, steel mills and automobiles. Although these emissions need to be accountantled they are not major contributers. There are some(prenominal) debate views as to the causes of acid rain and the best way to control it. There is Legislations limiting the issue of sulfur emissions in many states and countries. There are also many ideas on ship canal to clean the emissions. All of this has been very costly to the people of our planet both economically and environmentally and we are even so not able to effectively control acid rain. Until everyone plant together to control acid rain the efforts of a hardly a(prenominal) countries will not stop the effects of acid rain If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orde rCustomPaper.com

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