A Comparison between Eastern and Western Philosophy Essay

Have you design ab start the questionIs the orb around us cognoscible? For nearly westwarders, the answer is positive. But if you ask a Chinese the same question, you would run short the reply like I dont know. or Does it thing? The reason behind it is the loss between easterly and western ism. A variety of doctrine schools around the world have pondered these kinds of philosophical problems for thousands eld and some of them atomic number 18 highly translator (like Confucianism for east and Platonism for westerly). though they ar confronted with the same questions, the focal masterminds be commonly assorted from from each one other, which is caused by the disparity of their opinions toward the importance of philosophical problems. Hesperian ism quarter be divided into Ancient Greek philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy and contemporary philosophy, plot east philosophy includes Chinese philosophy, Indian philosophy, Nipponese philosophy etc. There is no doubt that the similarities between them be obvious, yet the centralise of Eastern philosophy is in society whereas westerns is in universe.Because the understanding from a single side is invariably partial, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the major differences between the focus and methodology of Eastern and Western philosophy traditions and explain the possible causes behind it. When it comes to philosophy, Eastern philosophers subscribe an individual inner world as starting point and put the principles of social lifespan at the first place while Westerners give speculate on it from a universal perspective and subdue to figure out the principles behind the world. As Fung (1984) states that from a philosophical perspective, the highest act a man could realize is to be a sage and the periodic task of dealing with social affairs in human dealings is a part of the process of being a sage. However, for Western philosophers, they are inclined to put the origin of all things in the universe at first place, and then dismantle how the world works. As Windelband (1956) illustrates, the history of Western philosophy is an insight into the origin of European science in ecumenical, which shows the reason behind Western philosophers preference.This difference as well as appears in Eastern and Western philosophys attitudes toward politics. In the antediluvian period, both Eastern and Western philosophers played the role of policy maker. ding Zhongshu, who is one of the more or less successful Confucian in political area in Chinese history (as his theories had been taken as the general embodiment of the policy of racetrack the country), put forward the Three cardinal guides (ruler guides subject, father guides son and economize guides wife) and Five constant virtues (benevolence righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity) to help emperor Wu to strengthen his command (Queen, 1996). All of these principles are highly rela te to social life since Dong believes the core of philosophy is humanity and the society needs to be ordered by regulating peoples social life. Similarly, Plato, who is a representative figure of ancient Greek philosophy, as well as offered his political opinions, which is highly related to his theory of forms. As for Plato, the structure of a state is similar to a human body. The workers represent the abdomen the warriors represent the chest and the philosopher kings represent the head, which are corresponding to productive, protective and governing respectively (Gaarder, 1996).It is noticeable to point out that while the Confucians political view is based on human disposition since they take individual citizen as the basic unit of society, Platonism tries to analyze the structure of a state from a general perspective, which is focus on a general perspective. The difference between the methodology of Eastern and Western philosophy is also a big concern. As Spirkin concluded that methodology is a system of principles and general ways of organizing and structuring theoretical and practical activity, and also the theory of this system. Nonetheless, in that location is no concept like methodology that appears in most Eastern philosophy course of instructionics. There are famous Chinese philosophical classics like the Analects of Confucius and Tao Te Ching, which are not monumental masterpieces but express their ideas through a philosophers sayings and behaviors. Does that mean there is no methodology in Eastern philosophy? The fact is the methodology of Eastern and Western philosophy is extremely different from each other and we messnot use the definition of Western philosophy to judge Eastern philosophy.As Easterners do not have a system of principles and methods to solve problems, they take the principles of social life as methodology, which can be summarized as doctrine of the mean. In contras, Western philosophy has a set of theories of abstract thou ght (like syllogism and deductive reasoning), which can form peoples decisive mind habit. As Hamilton and Webster (2009) states in their book about culture difference Difference in approach can also be seen in negotiations.Westerners expect to focus on contentious issues and try to achieve the most beneficial outcomes for themselves. In contrast, the Japanese prefer to discuss areas of agreement, with the expectation that harmony will whiz to the resolution of details. In other words, as a result of position high value on social relationship, the methodology of Eastern philosophy comes from predecessors bring forths and people chronically take others feeling into consideration, whereas Westerners usually take themselves as starting points, advocate independent and rational thoughts as well. For another instance, both Eastern and Western world had experienced a lot of reforms, but the leader of the reform would take totally different approaches.During the period of hundred days re form, which happened in china in 1898, Kang YouWei, who is the leader of this reform, spread his ideas of reform by annotating Confucius classics (Karl and Zarrow, 2002). Likewise, there is also a famous reform that happened in France in 1800sthe Age of enlightenment. The leadership of this reform set up their own theories of society and pointed their arrows toward feudal class directly (Dora, 1979), which is extremely different from Kangs approach. One of the greatest reasons for the difference between Eastern and Western philosophy is geography. As Windelband (1956) notes, the history of the philosophy of the Greeks, like the history of their political development, requires a larger conception of its political relations would imply. This shows that geography plays a significantly important role in the development of philosophy. Generally speaking, the two main sources of Eastern philosophyChina and Indiaare agriculture countries. There are two expressions in the Chinese language which can both be translated as the world. One is all beneath the sky and the other is all within the four seas. (Fung, 1948).As agriculture activities are regular and predicable, Easterners prefer to believe past experience rather than abstract principles. Thats why the sayings and behaviors of a sage can be the best philosophy lesson for Easternersbecause they are specific and comprehendible. And yet, Western countries are very close to ocean. As Windelband (1956) cites homer The natural link of the lead great continents was this sea, with its islands and coasts occupied by the most gifted of people, which from the earliest historic times had settled all its coasts. As a result, most Western countries are highly commercialized and industrialized. Innovation and breakthrough are always greatly required, which means only the theories based on logic and reasoning can be valued. As Confucius once said, The wise move the honorable stay still. The wise are happy the good endure ( Confucius and James, 2010). though it is not his original meaning, this saying shows the difference between the personality of the ancient Chinese and Greeks from a geographical perspective.Lets move back off to the question at the beginningIs the world around us knowable? The different answers toward it imply the real reasons behind the differences between Eastern and Western philosophy and that is the ways they look the world. While Easterners pay attention to the sense of balance of the inner world, Westerners are trying to conquer the outside world. This is why Westerners will say Yes to this question because they have achieved a lot of accomplishments in discovering the secrets of the world already. But for most Easterners they pay more attention to their daily life and relationships with others, which make them cannot respond to this question with a certain answer. Both the differences of dialect and methodology can be explained from this perspective. To a great extent, geog raphical factors contributed staggeringly to this process and sometimes make the gap grow. Eastern and Western philosophy need to learn from each other, as it is the only way to secern the advantages and disadvantages of themselves. We all have a belief that he different philosophy will melt with each other rather than against in the future.